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THERE MUST BE CONSENSUS AD IDEM FOR AN AGREEMENT TO A LEASE

Dictum

An agreement for a lease is like any other contract and in accordance with the general principles of the law of contract, it will not be binding or enforceable on the parties until there is a consensus ad idem both upon matters which are basic and cardinal to every agreement for a lease, and also upon matters that are part of the particular bargain concerned. See Rossiter v. Miller (1987) 3 A.C. 1124 at 1151. These cardinal terms of an agreement for a lease comprise, as I have already indicated, the parties, the premises, commencement and duration, rent and covenants in respect thereof. See Halsbury’s Laws of England 3rd Edition Volume 23, Paragraph 1039 at page 440. I therefore agree with the Court of Appeal that Exhibit A did not qualify as a memorandum of an agreement for a lease capable of enforcement by an order for specific performance in view of the uncertainties I have referred to above.

– Iguh JSC. Nlewedim v. Uduma (1995)

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AN AGREEMENT FOR A LEASE MUST BE DATED

Secondly, I note that exhibit 3, is/was not dated. It is now firmly established that for an agreement of a lease to be valid, it is essential that there must be an agreement on the date of commencement of the term. In other words, both the commencement and the maximum duration of the term must either be certain or capable of being rendered certain before the lease takes effect. In the case of Marshall v. Berridge (1881) 19 Ch.D 233 at 245, Lush, L.J. stated inter alia, as follows:- “There must be a certain beginning and a certain ending, otherwise it is not a perfect lease, and a contact for a lease must, in order to satisfy the statutes of frauds, contains those elements.” In the case of Harvey v. Pratt (1965) 2 All E.R. 786 at 788 CA, Lord Denning, stated inter alia, as follows:- “It is settled beyond question that, in order for there to be a valid agreement for a lease, the essentials are that there shall be determined not only the parties, the property, the length of the term and the rent, but also the date of its commencement.”

– Ogbuagu, JSC. Brossette v. Ilemobola (2007)

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